(1 John 5:4.). Also, the other New Testament passages that refer to the foundation of the church never identify that foundation as the truth about Jesus. It is incorrect to say that the name "Peter" describes a small stone. Notwithstanding the progressive nature of the discourse and the immediate subject, Wetstein and Clericus refer αὐτῆς to Peter ( ταύτῃ τ. πέτρᾳ), and suppose the meaning to be: “eum in discrimen vitae venturum, nec tamen eo absterritum iri,” etc. (Either way there is not the slightest suggestion that Peter's position will be passed on to 'successors'. Is There a True Church? Matthew recorded the Aramaic distinction in Greek. As with the words, which in their form present a parallel to these, “Destroy this temple” (John 2:19), so here, we may believe the meaning to have been indicated by significant look or gesture. This is the first time Jesus speaks of his {church,} and here, as not yet founded. While, therefore, we rely on this promise of Christ, feel ourselves at liberty to boast against Satan, and already triumph by faith over all his forces; let us learn, on the other hand, that this promise is, as it were, the sound of a trumpet, calling us to be always ready and prepared for battle. BibliographyEllicott, Charles John. And the gates of hell, &c.] That is, all the power and policy of hell combined. The gates of hell, πυλαι Αδου i. e, the machinations and powers of the invisible world. From these proofs, it is easy to see that Jesus did not say He would build His church on Peter, a mere man, but on Himself, and because of that, the church would endure and prevail. Any such dogmatism is therefore unwarranted. It is therefore important [1] To remember that it is to Peter with the great confession on his lips that the words are spoken. (3.) The word refers neither to Christ as a rock, distinguished from Simon, a stone, nor to Peter's confession, but to Peter himself, in a sense defined by his previous confession, and as enlightened by the “Father in Heaven.”. Again, the gates of "Hades", or hell, sometimes seem to design no other than the gates of death, and the grave, and persons going into the state of death; see Job 38:17 where the Septuagint use the same phrase as here; and then the sense is, that neither death, nor the grave, shall finally, and totally prevail over the people of God, and members of Christ; but they shall be raised out of such a state, and live gloriously with him for ever. It is dear to God; purchased by Christ. When any faithful voice proclaims to you the design of God in regard to your salvation, he has the authority of the voice of God Himself; a Divine sentence is uttered respecting you; if you abhor your sins they will be forgiven; if not they are retained. 1:22; See ch. It all occurred within a small, second-rate province of the mighty Roman Empire. THE foundation on which the church rests. Verg. https:https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/scn/matthew-16.html. reason, called back to those words of Isaiah, that they might learn to acknowledge who Furthermore Jesus claimed the church as His own in a unique sense by calling it "my church." Bullinger's Companion bible Notes". Without this knowledge, it is extremely difficult to identify the church Christ built. Nor do we allow that the conscience of Rome is easy about this. Christ says He would build His church on the boulder, not on Peter the pebble. It was, as has been said, a time of seeming failure. Additional Reading: 1897-1910. This figure portrays (1) a Builder, Christ; (2) a temple to be built, composed of lively stones, the church; (3) a foundation for that temple, the rock; (4) the gates of an unfriendly city or power which shall seek its destruction, hell, or more correctly, {Hades,} the unseen abode of the dead, the grave; (5) a door-keeper of the church, or spiritual temple, with his keys, Peter. All gifts were bestowed for the work of “edifying” or building it up (1 Corinthians 14:3-4; Ephesians 4:12). Consequently our passage is in no way inconsistent with that of John just referred to, which could only have been the case if the words used had been σὺ κληθήσῃ πέτρος. It should also be noted that this is not a question of denouncing the Roman church (except in this interpretation). Notice a few particulars about this controversial verse: 1. Matthäus 20 Einheitsübersetzung 2016 Das Gleichnis von den Arbeitern im Weinberg 1 Denn mit dem Himmelreich ist es wie mit einem Gutsbesitzer, der früh am Morgen hinausging, um Arbeiter für seinen Weinberg anzuwerben. 126). View more property details, sales history and Zestimate data on Zillow. It was their custom to have the rulers to sit in the gates, Ruth 4:1,11 2 Samuel 19:8. And I say also unto thee — that is, “As thou hast borne such testimony to Me, even so in return do I to thee.”. But if we should consider them only in their literal meaning they are similar. Peter became the leading disciple in the early church ( Acts 1-12), a third argument for this view. Observe here, 1. Hell, ᾅδης, is exceedingly strong (see Song of Solomon 8:6); how much more its gates? "Commentary on Matthew 16:18". When the Apostles are mentioned in connection with being the foundation it is specifically all the Apostles as ‘the Apostolate’ who are in mind (Ephesians 2:20; Revelation 21:12; Revelation 21:14), with Jesus Christ Himself as the chief cornerstone (Ephesians 2:20). They are the keys of the gate without, not of the doors within. Clearly, He intends His church to continue until His return, but He does not say it will always express the same personality. After His Resurrection eveything else disappears—the society with its ministry, its message, its sacraments, and its prayers alone remain. I. The word is used of any assembly; the word itself implies no more, as, e.g., the town-meeting at Ephesus Acts 19:39 and Israel, called out of Egypt and assembled in the wilderness Acts 7:38. Peter’s faith (subjective)? Greek, if our Saviour used the same word in Syriac. The explanation frequently had recourse to in anti-popish controversies, to the effect that the rock does not mean Peter himself, but his stedfast faith and the confession he made of it(456) (Calovius, Ewald, Lange, Wieseler), is incorrect, because the demonstrative expression: ἐπὶ ταύτῃ τῇ πέτρᾳ, coming immediately after the σὺ εἶ πέτρος, can only point to the apostle himself, as does also the καὶ δώσω, etc., which follows, it being understood, of course, that it was in consideration of Peter’s faith that the Lord declared him to be a foundation of rock. As Peter signifies stone, and as thou and thy fellow-disciples are to be the foundation stones of my new Church, I name thee forever by that symbolical title of Peter, that is, stone. Still Peter was only the first among equals. Brooks. Its Eucharist.—As He had adopted baptism as the sacrament of admission, so He gave them the Eucharist as a sign and seal of union. They expected to demonstrate that the confession of his divinity which he had made was false by sending him to {hades,} which they supposed would hold him and prevail against the confession of the ROCK. Copyright StatementThe New John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible Modernised and adapted for the computer by Larry Pierce of Online Bible. The devil lendeth his instruments, the Church’s enemies, his seven heads to plot, and his ten horns to push. It is a promise which eminently deserves our observation, that all who are united to Christ, and acknowledge him to be Christ and Mediator, will remain to the end safe from all danger; for what is said of the body of the Church belongs to each of its members, since they are one in Christ. I., ἥκω νεκρῶν κευθμῶνα καὶ σκότου πύλας | λιπὼν ἵν Ἄιδης χωρὶς ᾤκισται θεῶν. They point to something else. At his first calling, this new name was announced to him as an honour afterward to be conferred on him (John 1:43). Auflage). Furthermore other New Testament references to the foundation of the church could refer to the truth concerning Jesus" person and work ( Romans 9:33; Ephesians 2:20; 1 Peter 2:5-8). There hath been a small remnant in all ages. Shall not prevail against it. (744) The gates of hell (as elsewhere, the gates of death) are named also in Isaiah 38:10; Wisdom of Solomon 16:13. . That human councils, and man’s devices, and Satan’s assaults upon the Church, shall never prevail; for, since it is of God, it cannot come to naught. It is not a learned, complicated, or even detailed exposition. 5) The reason that ‘the gates of Hades (the grave-world)’ could not prevail against the new ‘ekklesia’ is precisely because it is founded on ‘the Christ, the son of thelivingGod’. Jesus is promising that He would enable His church to be on the offensive and triumphant against Satan and death. 272, O. C. 19, 1591; Pind. However, Jesus used two different words for "Peter" and "rock." He used ekklesia, meaning an assembly of people, a group, and He confirmed this by using Hades, a pit into which dead bodies are cast. The more ecclesiastical we make it, the more we play into the hands of those who maintain that the passage is an interpolation. 1. ; and sometimes of the gates of hell, in the plural number. “And I also say to you, that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church (congregation/assembly), and the gates of Hades will not prevail against it.”. The gates of cities were anciently the places in which deliberations were held and plans formed. Psalms 2:1-2; Psalms 5:10; Psalms 110:2), and as having taken the Rule out of His hands. viii. But it is James, the physical brother of Jesus Christ and pastor of the Jerusalem church, who sums up the conference's decision (verses 13-19). I will build my church.—It is significant that this is the first occurrence of the word Church (Ecclesia) in the New Testament, the only passage but one (Matthew 18:17) in which it is found in the whole cycle of our Lord’s recorded teaching. For even if Jesus was somewhat misleading in the way He spoke and did mean Peter, it would still justify nothing more than seeing it as a happy play on words. It is built upon the God-man, and not upon the man-God. This statement anticipated Jesus" resurrection and the resurrection and translation of church saints. I. . 2. And I also say, unto thee, that thou art Peter, and upon this rock I will build my church; and the gates of Hades shall not prevail against it. Luke 12:32 Thou art Peter — With thy renewed apostleship (for it is indeed a new one) I give thee a renewed name. Build a Church, There is a picture frontispiece in Wycliffe’s Bible which, to my mind, is very significant, very prophetic. The word "church" is translated from the Greek ekklesia, meaning "called-out" or "assembly." Matthew 16:18. Compare all. Some have made much of the fact that the word "Peter" means rock, and from this have affirmed that Christ built the church upon Peter. So that when Christ secures against hell, he secures against all that receive their commission from hell; neither hell, nor any envenomed by hell, shall prevail against my church. "Commentary on Matthew 16:18". (c) To reason: for even if Peter had precedence over the other Apostles, and if he was Bishop of Rome, which is not historically certain, there is no proof that he had a right of conferring such precedence on his successors. [2] To take the words in reference: (a) to other passages of Scripture. It does still. Thou art a living stone in the spiritual temple, like as Peter saith all other Christians are, 1 Peter 2:5. Agam. See notes on John 2:19; John 6:58. A moment later Christ mentioned Peter, giving him (and later the others) the keys of the kingdom of heaven, thus making him, not the foundation, but the door-opener of the kingdom. So his prominence is well balanced by counter-factors, revealing that his prominence rather arises as a result of his being an outstanding character among equals. The resolution is adopted, and there they are with swollen cheeks and extended lips, blowing upon the fire with all their might, but instead of blowing it out, they are blowing it up, and they blow themselves out of breath before they blow the fire out. Matthew 7:24.— ΄ου τὴν ἐκκλησίαν, My Church) A magnificent expression concerning Jesus, not occurring elsewhere in the Gospels.— πύλαι ᾅδου, the gates of hell) The word πύλαι (gates) occurs here without the article. Jesus used the term ekklesia to refer to a new entity that was yet to come into existence. Thus it is to the poor (ptowchoi) in spirit that the Kingly Rule of Heaven belongs (Matthew 5:3). This leads us to the third and what I believe is the best solution to this problem. 2. "Commentary on Matthew 16:18". This is the import of Matthew 16:19, clause 1. How was this accomplished? The Old Testament prophets likened Messiah to a stone ( Psalm 118:22; Isaiah 28:16), and Jesus claimed to be that stone ( Matthew 21:42). This connection of ‘the congregation’ with the Kingly Rule of Heaven is confirmed in the Psalms. 1. Thus in the Psalms the Kingly Rule of YHWH over all things and especially ‘over the nations’, that is, over all people, is made clear. "Gates" in biblical usage refer to fortifications (, [Note: See Jack P. Lewis, ""The Gates of Hell Shall Not Prevail Against It" (, ): A Study of the History of Interpretation," Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society38:3 (September1996):349-67. G. Green, Christian World Pulpit, vol. xi. "Commentary on Matthew 16:18". "Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers". Thus ends the great subject of this second portion of the Lord"s ministry. Here God is seen as King in the Heavens, with His Kingly Rule established as He reigns over all in Heaven and earth. 1599-1645. Nor can we imagine that this illustrious surname, elsewhere commonly attributed to Christ Himself, who is also called the Rock, could without the most important meaning have been bestowed on Peter, who in the list of the apostles is called first, and always put in the first place; see Matthew 10:2; see also 1 Peter 2:4-7. https:https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/jtc/matthew-16.html. &c.). I will build my Church] Christ calls not the Church βουλην, or ουγκλητον, which is properly a convention of lords and statesmen, but εκκλησιαν, which is an assembly of the common people, even those of the lower rank and condition; {a} according to that 1 Corinthians 1:26; Luke 1:48; "he hath regarded the low estate of his handmaiden.". And accordingly St. Peter's conversion of thousand souls by his ministry, Acts 2:41 is looked upon by some as a punctual fulfilling of this promise here made upon him. Origen, Cyril, Chrysostom, Augustine). BibliographyJ. The only difficulty is in settling what the Lord means by the {rock}. For there upon one rock rose the ruins of the old Canaanite city of Hazor; and on another the stately palace built by the Herodian princes, and still, as the Castle of Shubeibeh, covering an extent of ground equal to that occupied by the Castle of Heidelberg (Stanley’s Sinai and Palestine, c. 11). 47. Second, Paul"s statement that God builds the church on the apostles and prophets has ruled Jesus out as the foundation for some interpreters ( Ephesians 2:20). "The 1599 Geneva Study Bible". But they were all as truly stones, and made of rock, as he. "John Wesley's Explanatory Notes on the Whole Bible". We regularly use all three in our everyday speech and writing, allowing the context to indicate which is intended. 17 Jesus replied, “Blessed are you, Simon son of Jonah, for this was not revealed to you by flesh and blood, but by my Father in heaven. 1 Corinthians 15:55. Hec. https:https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/jlc/matthew-16.html. 4. The idea of the God-man slain seems to be the foundation of all the thoughts of God. 1675. Those gates of the grave-world, which once like mighty bastions held in for ever all who had died, will prevail no longer when it comes to the true people of God. If Jesus had wanted to identify Peter as the rock on which He would build the church, the clearest way to do this would have been to use the same word. . Used by Permission. Compare 2 Corinthians 9:13. and how can they act on a large scale and consistently, unless it be a permanent body? Thomson. The Godhead of Christ is the πέτρα—the keystone of the Church, and Peter is for the moment the representative of the belief in that truth among men. Here Jesus uses a word that means a large mass of solid rock—the "rock foundation." [Note: E.g, Morgan, p211; Walvoord, Matthew: . Those who truly belong to that congregation will thus be freed from the fear and chains of death. BibliographyBurkitt, William. Upon Peter, the rock confessing, say the papists; but if so, no more is said of Peter here, than of all the apostles elsewhere. He, the King, claimed that society as His own. "Commentary on Matthew 16:18". These files were made available by Mr. Ernie Stefanik.
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